Shri Bhubaneswar Kalita was born on 26th October 1951 in the Pub Sitara village of rangia in Assam. After passing his matriculation examination from Rangia High School in 1967, he graduated from Cotton College, Guwahati in 1971 and subsequently did his MA and LLB from Gauhati University. He served as a Lecturer in Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati in 1976. Shri Kalita also joined the bar in Gauhati High Court in 1979.

His political career began after he joined the Indian National Congress as a member in 1972. In the year 1974 the was State Secretary of GNUS. .He bacame General Secretary of District Youth Congress in 1976 and 1978. As a youth leader he also contested the Assembly elections from Rangia Constituency in 1978. In 1981 Shri Kalita became the President of Assam Pradesh Youth Congress and went on to became the President of Assam Pradesh Youth Congress in 1983. In 1985, Shri Kalita became the General Secretary of All India Youth Congress.

As a youth leader Shri Kalita participated in and led many Indian youth delegation abroad. He was member of the India Youth Delegation to International Youth Festival at Muscat (Oman) in 1983. In 1986, he was a member of International Preparatory Committee for Festival of Youth and Students at Moscow , Leader of the Indian Youth delegation to Non-Aligned Youth Meet, Secretary General, International Youth Conference against Apartheid in 1987 and Member-in-Charge of the Indian Youth Delegation to festival of Youth and Students at Pyongyang (Koria).

In the year 1984, Shri Kalita was elected Member of the Rajya Sabha and became Joint secretary of All India Congress Committee in 1987. In 1990 he was re-elected as Member of Parliament , Rajya Sabha. He was appointed Chairman, Committee on Subordinate Legislation (RS) in 1992. Shri Kalita was member of Indian Delegation to the UN general Assembly in 1994 and Member of the Indian Delegation to IPU Conference at Canberra , Australia.

Shri Bhubaneswar Kalita became the Vice President Vice- President of Assam Pradesh Congress Committee in 1995. He contested Lok Sabha elections from the Guwahati Constituency in 1996. He became the Vice- President of Indian Olympic Association in 1996. In 1998 Shri Kalita won Lok Sabha elections from the Guwahati Constituency and became WHIP (LS) of the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1998.

1999, Shri Kalita once again became the Secretary of All India Congress Committee and contested the Lok Sabha elections from the Guwahati constituency. In the year 2001, Shri Kalita contested and won the Assembly elections from the Rangia constituency and became the Minister of Industry, Commerce, Information Technology and Public Enterprises, Govt. of Assam.